Israel’s Stand: Thwarting Terrorism by Decimating Hezbollah Essay

Another specter of fear surged around the globe recently and the terrorist group Hezbollah is the one to be blamed. Terrorism is not only a threat by itself because it sows fear in a nation of civilians and their neighbors. Most terrorist groups like Hezbollah are more dangerous than â€Å"loners† and â€Å"crazies† because they are not crazed at all. These people believe that to spark terrorism is a right thing to do. Ultimately, the goal of Hezbollah is to force the Israel government to respond to their violence in a harsh manner, in the hope that such repression will lead to discontent among the people and would lead it to bow down to their selfish interests. In this case, we could deem that terrorists believe that they could use their tactics to forward their goals — to destabilize governments and occupational forces. Such terrorism is directed at a specific goal that is easy to articulate and understand, such as overthrow of the current political regime. On the other hand, radical Islamic believers’ frequently state goal of terrorist groups is to promote a certain religious system or protect a set of beliefs within a religion. This kind of terrorism is called religious terrorism. A good example of this type of terrorism is the use of jihad, or holy war, by Islamic fundamentalists who wish to protect their religion from â€Å"creeping secularism and cultural imperialism posed by Western countries such as the United States† (Ali and Bowe, 1988). Israel, as a nation, has gone through the most grueling conditions. Its politics at large have been strongly influenced by two seemingly contradictory forces: the Jewish people’s long history of persecution and repression-culminating with the systematic killing of about six million Jews during World War II. Also, as a consequence of the Holocaust, many people stood negatively upon the violent creation of the state of Israel in 1948 and until now it threatens their country’s militant record and continuously adding to their violent history. The haunting memories of the Holocaust and the conflicts between Israel, its neighbors and the Palestinians have profoundly shaped Israeli society, psyche and politics. The reaction of Israel to the recent conflicts with Hezbollah could be deemed as it really wanted to put a stop to their violent history. Even before, major terrorist groups, such as Hamas, Islamic Jihad, and Hezbollah, oppose the existence of Israel and reject the creation of a Palestinian state on the West Bank and Gaza. They have pledged to continue terrorism against Israel’s Jews until all of Palestine is liberated and not one inch of it is under Jewish control. For them mere contiguity is irrelevant. Essentially, these terrorists groups are closed to the idea of â€Å"compromise† because they want everything. In mid-July 2006, the leader of Lebanon-based Hezbollah announced that his militant Islamic group had captured two Israeli soldiers. The Hezbollah leader, Hassan Nasrallah, asserted that the soldiers would only be returned through a combination of dialogue and prisoner exchange. He added that the operation had been planned in advance of the capture of another Israeli soldier by Palestinian militants in Gaza. Underscoring his militant stance, the head of Hezbollah also said that if Israel wanted to escalate the crisis, his group would be ready to deal with a possible confrontation. The Israeli government held urgent cabinet meetings regarding the situation and approved a strong military offensive in Lebanon — in response to Hezbollah’s actions and also for the purpose of finding the two captured soldiers. Israel warned that it would hold Lebanon responsible for the fates of the two captured soldiers, pointing to the fact that Hezbollah had been allowed to attack Israel from within Lebanese borders with impunity and irrespective of the parameters of international law. Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert characterized the actions of Lebanon-based Hezbollah as an â€Å"act of war. † The Israeli leader’s promise of â€Å"painful† and â€Å"far-reaching† consequences was issued just as its forces launched a military assault on southern Lebanon. The initial assault left several Israeli troops and civilians dead, even as roads as well as Hezbollah interests were attacked within Lebanon. As an organization, Hezbollah essentially means â€Å"Party of God† but their aims do not necessarily imitate â€Å"godly† actions. Their history emanated to help the Islamic Revolutionary Guards fight active opponents who demonstrated in the streets. The name was used as early as 1973 by Ayatollah Mahmood Ghaffary in Iran. It was resurrected in 1978 in one of the revolution’s slogans: â€Å"Our Party Is the Party of Allah and Our Leader Is Ruh Allah. † The so-called party consisted of a thousand young thugs who infested Tehran’s poor neighborhoods. For a modest monthly allowance, they waged street battles against members of more sophisticated political groups. In contrast to its beginning, the â€Å"party† today boasts a membership of more than one million adherents in Iran alone. Its offshoots in Muslim countries, Europe, and America act as operatives and as a vanguard for the Islamic Republic of Iran. In Lebanon, the party also has a powerful military wing that has bombed Israel and given assistance to militant groups like Hamas in the Gaza Strip (Hoveyda 94). Just last year, Hezbollah challenged United States as Sheik Hassan Nasrallah, the main Hezbollah leader taunted the Bush administration’s claim that Lebanon was part of the U. S. -supported democracy wave. â€Å"You are wrong in your calculations in Lebanon,† he said in a Pro-Syria rally in Beirut. â€Å"Lebanon will not be divided. Lebanon is not Somalia; Lebanon is not Ukraine; Lebanon is not Georgia†. In an interview, the leader was quoted saying: â€Å"Forget about your dreams of Lebanon. What you did not win in war, I swear, you will not win with politics† (Fattah A1). Clearly, Nasrallah is inviting conflicts and not interested to talk about peace. Feldman of the New York Times Magazine stated that Israel is the only democratic society in a region where autocratic states exist, where they tolerate terrorist groups like the Hezbollah. With the Iraqi war’s success in stopping Al-Qaida, it assumed the democratic stance of the United States in their counter-terrorism initiatives. As the Hezbollah now is forwarding its aims by elections, it won the by popularity in Lebanon. It left no choice to Israel but to stage the attacks to decimate the Hezbollah terrorists once and for all (9). With this cause to topple Hezbollah, the Israeli Left which is accustomed to damn every government, has rallied behind Prime Minister Ehud Olmert. The national unity is as impressive as the determination. Only that one difficulty for Israel, while Hezbollah is the overt enemy, the real authors of this crisis is Iran and its opportunistic sidekick Syria. Arab states and their terrorist groups have discovered that attempts to wipe out Israel do irremediable damage to themselves. Iran’s Shiite leaders believe that their messianic Islamic revolution can achieve the victory that eluded the secular or Sunni Arabs. The terrorist organization Hezbollah is just the frontline weapon for the purpose, supposedly a vanguard of Shiite supremacy but in reality just a group of mercenaries that Tehran arms, finances, and disavows all in the same breath (National Review 19). Furthermore, the National Review indicated that: In the past, Israel has killed Hamas leaders, and in the present operations it has detained a number of others. Like Hezbollah, Hamas is paid and sponsored by Tehran, but its followers are Palestinian and Sunni, and it is conceivable that Israel will agree to a cease-fire and the exchange of the Hamas leaders it holds for Cpl. Gilad Shalit, kidnapped by Hamas. No such deal is possible with Hezbollah, in part because it is an existential threat in a way that Hamas is not, and in part because Tehran would never accept it, even as it twisted any humanitarian negotiating position that Israel might adopt into evidence of weakness and surrender. Israel has killed previous Hezbollah leaders, and arrested others, and now it is destroying Hezbollah’s infrastructure, its headquarters, Al-Manar television station, and much else. If commandoes or aircraft close in on Nasrallah, the likelihood is that he will do a bin Laden and go to ground in Syria or Iran. Whatever happens, and however long it may take, Hezbollah has to be pushed back far enough to leave its arsenal of missiles unthreatening to Israel. Such an eventuality could only encourage the Lebanese at last to settle accounts with these gunmen in their midst. As further conflicts rise in the efforts of Israel, United Nations Secretary Kofi Annan expressed shock at the â€Å"apparently deliberate targeting of the post,† especially since he claimed that Israel had assured him of the safety of United Nations personnel. Israel responded by conveying its regret over the matter. Some Israeli spokespersons criticized Annan for â€Å"irresponsibly† accusing their country of deliberate action before an investigation could be carried out. A day later, an initial report into the deaths of the United Nations peacekeepers was released. The report indicated that despite repeated contacts by the United Nations — 10 in total — with Israeli troops regarding the closeness of Israeli strikes in the area, and regardless of promises from the Israelis that the shelling would stop, the United Nations post was hit by a precision-guided missile following a period of about six hours of constant shelling. Although we are aware of the extent of damage that Israel is pushing against the Hezbollah, Israel is still taking full responsibility about the matters of not including civilians. It is the Hezbollah to blame because they are using the civilian as â€Å"shields† to their ongoing skirmishes. As Hezbollah is getting the media mileage by appealing to the world that Israel is ganging up on innocent civilians. On the ground in the conflict zone, Israeli troops experienced one of their bloodiest and most challenging days. Eight soldiers died and around 22 were injured in clashes with Hezbollah; it was the most significant loss of troops to Israel since the start of the conflict. The clashes ensued at Bint Jbeil — the very town that Israel said it had taken control of a day earlier. In a separate incident of fighting, a ninth Israeli, this time an officer, was killed. In the city center of Tyre in Lebanon, a huge explosion destroyed a multi-storey complex, supposedly regarded as the offices of another Hezbollah commander. On the other side of the border, Hezbollah continued its rocket assault on Israel, leaving about 31 people injured. It was estimated that Hezbollah was firing rockets at a rate of over 100 per day into Israel. Hezbollah seems to be applying the approach similar to Osama bin Laden and Al Qaida’s. Bin Laden has used his ties with al-Qaida to conduct a worldwide campaign of terrorism. The primary goal of Bin Laden and his supporters is to liberate Palestine, with secondary goals of removing the Saudi ruling family from power and driving Western military forces and their corrupt, Western-oriented governments from predominantly Muslim countries. Most Islamic fighters have no interest in strategies of authentication or existential realization and no interest in Marxist theories of emancipation. But, in one respect, their actions echo stunted ideas that the act of terror not only had an expressive meaning, but an existential meaning as well. To wit, even suicide can be life affirming (Coker 291). Terrorism should be thwarted at once before it could sow more damaging effects in the future. The nation of Israel has unified for this aim because, in the real sense, they have had enough of these radical terrorist groups that has threatened them over the years. It is time for Israel to find out whether there is a democratic antidote to the poisons that have long been flowing around their borders. Yes, action entails risk. But so does inaction. Like the catastrophe of 9/11 was only the most dramatic consequence of a quarter-century of inaction, of denying that the rise of radical Islamism and terrorism were matters to be taken seriously around the globe. Works Cited Coker, C. â€Å"War Without Warriors†. In Global Responses to Terrorism: 9/11, Afghanistan and beyond, Buckley, M. & Fawn, R. (Eds. ) (pp. 284-295). New York: Routledge, 2003. Fattah, Hassan M. â€Å"Pro-Syria Party in Beirut Holds a Huge Protest,† The New York Times, March 9, 2005, p. A1. Feldman, Noah. â€Å"Ballots and Bullets†, New York Times Magazine. (New York, Jul 30, 2006): 9-12. Hoveyda, Fereydoun. The Broken Crescent: The â€Å"Threat† of Militant Islamic Fundamentalism. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1998. National Review. The Israeli Front, 58. 14 (New York, Aug 7, 2006): 14. Pro-Syria Party in Beirut Holds a Huge Protest Hassan M. Fattah, Jad Mouawad contributed reporting for this article.. New York Times. (Late Edition (East Coast)). New York, N. Y. : Mar 9, 2005. pg. A. 1 Copyright New York Times Company Mar 9, 2005 Shouting anti-American and anti-Israeli slogans, hundreds of thousands of Lebanese poured into central Beirut on Tuesday in a show of strength by the militant Shiite Muslim party Hezbollah, which opposes a withdrawal of Syrian forces from Lebanon. The enormous crowd, in which many had been bused in from the Shiite slums of southern Beirut, was far larger than the anti-Syrian demonstrations of recent weeks that have drawn broad international support. It offered a defiant challenge to the Lebanese opposition forces that have insisted on Syrian withdrawal and exposed fault lines of class and ideology. †Today, you decide the future of your nation and your country; today, you answer the world,† the Hezbollah leader, Sheik Hassan Nasrallah, said in a rare and surprise appearance. Banners held aloft read: †No to American-Zionist intervention. Yes to Lebanese-Syrian brotherhood. † President Bush, speaking later in Washington, stepped up pressure on Syria to withdraw its 14,000 troops before Lebanon’s elections in May, saying the forces of authoritarianism across the Middle East are facing a fast-moving wave of popular opposition. The emergence of democracy in Lebanon, he said, would amount to a ring on †the doors of every Arab regime. † [Page A10. ] The participants at the demonstration here represented, by and large, a very different Lebanon from the educated, better-off Christians, Druse and Sunni Muslims who have captured the world’s attention since Rafik Hariri, the former prime minister, was assassinated Feb. 14 by a huge car bomb. While the anti-Syrian opposition movement has been called the Cedar Revolution, a reference to the Lebanese national tree, it has also been called the BMW revolution. The demonstration included far more women with covered heads and many men in traditional dress. Since the killing of Mr. Hariri, a billionaire who resigned as prime minister to protest Syrian domination of Lebanon, many Lebanese parties have called for the complete withdrawal of Syrian troops, which have been here since 1976. Backers of the withdrawal have taken to the streets in demonstrations reminiscent of the events in November in Ukraine, where a rigged election was overturned partly through popular rallies. The Lebanese opposition blames Syria for Mr. Hariri’s death, a charge Syria has denied. Hezbollah, or the Party of God, had remained quiet until Tuesday despite invitations by the opposition to join. The opposition has been struggling to demonstrate that it is the voice of the majority while becoming a favorite cause of the Bush administration. †Freedom will prevail in Lebanon,† Mr. Bush said Tuesday. †The American people are on your side. Millions across the earth are on your side. † But Hezbollah, which the State Department classifies as a terrorist group, is now Lebanon’s best organized political party and maintains a militia of some 20,000 men. United Nations Resolution 1559, passed in September 2004, calls for both the withdrawal of all foreign forces and the disarmament of Lebanon’s militias. To Hezbollah and its followers, the foreign threat to Lebanon comes not from Syria but from Israel and its ally, the United States. Israel occupied part of southern Lebanon from 1982 until 2000 in order to prevent infiltrations from radical anti-Israel groups. Many Lebanese Shiites say Israel still has designs on their land and that the American-backed democracy movement is simply another form of American imperialism. †Forget about your dreams of Lebanon,† Sheik Nasrallah, the Hezbollah leader, said at the rally, speaking to Israel’s leaders. †What you did not win in war, I swear, you will not win with politics. † Speaking to the Bush administration, he said: †You are wrong in your calculations in Lebanon. Lebanon will not be divided. Lebanon is not Somalia; Lebanon is not Ukraine; Lebanon is not Georgia. † Ahmad Moussa, 22, a student at the rally, said: †We’re here to defend our liberty and our true sovereignty, the sovereignty of the resistance. The opposition wants to open the door to the Americans and to foreign intervention. We will stop them. † The demonstration was held in Riyadh al Solh Square a few blocks from Martyrs’ Square, where the opposition movement has held its demonstrations. The pro-Syrian demonstrators filled the open field in front of United Nations offices in Beirut, and stretched across nearby overpasses, roads and tunnels. Officially, the demonstration was sponsored by several political parties. But the rally was all Hezbollah, complete with well-designed banners, anthems, crowd control and a secret police infrastructure to ensure that things stayed peaceful. Hezbollah, which has 13 of the 128 seats in the Lebanese Parliament and hopes to expand its power as the country prepares for the May elections, clearly wanted to make a show of strength through the demonstration, challenging the opposition’s claim to represent the nation’s future. †I want to show the Americans, the French and the U. N. that we are the majority of the Lebanese and that we have a voice,† said Youness Ismail, 26, a restaurant owner from the poor southern suburbs, who had arrived in the square on Tuesday morning. †All they have done is make us promises they never kept, and now they are trying to use the international community to reoccupy us. † Like the opposition movement, the demonstrators waved Lebanese flags and called for national unity, while demanding the truth behind Mr. Hariri’s assassination. But the sea of people also raised photos of the Syrian president, Bashar al-Assad, and the Lebanese president, Emile Lahoud, an ally of Syria. Some banners read, †America is the source of terrorism. † †This is a goodbye party, not a show of support for Syria,† said the opposition leader Jibran Tuweini, editor of the Lebanese daily An Nahar. †If they wanted this to be a challenge to us, they would have brought their party’s yellow flags. But Hezbollah doesn’t want to burn its bridges with anyone because ultimately they will have to return to the Lebanese people once everything is over. † At Martyrs’ Square, opposition demonstrators who have been camping out expressed their frustration at the growing demonstration not far away. The roar of the crowd could be heard as the tents rustled in the wind, and many Hezbollah demonstrators walked past the opposition tents pitched at the square. The Lebanese Army showed up in full force to ensure that both groups were kept apart. †Shame on them — they are carrying flags and raising pictures of foreign leaders,† said Samer Samer, 57, who had brought his two sons to the opposition camp. †They’re like us; they want no foreign interference and want the U. S. , Israel and France out. But we also want the Syrians out too. † Fears that the growing political tension will lead to a resurgence of violence have grown in recent days as Lebanon’s political and sectarian fault lines have re-emerged. Lebanon’s rival groups fought a vicious civil war from 1975 to 1990, leaving parts of the country in ruins. †This is a delicate situation but not a dangerous one,† Mr. Tuweini, the opposition leader, insisted as he watched the demonstration on television from his office overlooking Martyrs’ Square. †I’m not worried about the unity of the Lebanese, but I am worried that car bombs and assassinations will happen as we try to defend it. † The demonstration came one day after Syria began a redeployment of its forces to the Bakaa region. But Mr. Assad and Mr. Lahoud said in a statement on Monday that a complete withdrawal would await negotiations with a future Lebanese government, raising the likelihood that Syrian soldiers will still be in the country during the elections in May. On Tuesday, Lebanese officials told The Associated Press that the main Syrian intelligence offices, along with Syrian troops, would be relocated by March 23, when the Arab League is to hold its annual summit meeting in Algeria.

Hip-Hop’s Effect on African-American Feminists

Kelli Hickey Cheryl Hitosis English161 December 7, 2007 Hip-Hop’s Effect on African-American Feminists Annotated Bibliography Davis, Eisa. â€Å"Sexism and the Art of Feminists Hip-Hop Maintenance. † To be Real: Telling the Truth and Changing the Face of Feminism. New York: Anchor Books, 1995. 131-139. Davis points out that not all feminists are taking the concept of sexism so casually and also _ believes that rap lyrics are not the only cause for the degradation of black women. Black _ _ men have given black women a place where they can gain public acceptance in popular _ _ culture. _ DiPrima, Dominique. â€Å"Women in Rap. † Hotwire. May 1991: 36. Salt-N-Pepa is introduced and this tells how they make a statement in hip-hop music _ through their lyrics. DiPrima talks about the group’s female empowerment that became_ _ present in their songs. _ Emerson, Rana. â€Å"African-American Teenage Girls and the Construction of Black Womanhood in Mass Media and Popular Culture. † 88. Emerson says the lyrics make racism seem normal and acceptable. In contrast, black girls _ remain confident in themselves. They use popular culture to make their lives more meaningful _ _ and express themselves. Niesel, Jeff. â€Å"Hip-Hop Matters: Rewriting the Sexual Politics of Rap Music. † Third Wave Agenda: Being Feminist, Doing Feminism. Minneapolis: U of Minneapolis P, 1997. 242-245. Niesel states rap music is exploitative, but it also plays a significant role in enforcing _ feminists’ principles. He says there are rappers out there who use their rap t o advocate _ _ treating women fairly, and bring awareness of social problems. _ Pilgrim, Dr. David. â€Å"Jezebel. † July 2002. http://www. ferris. edu/news/jimcrow/jezebel. Pilgrim says black women have always been viewed as sexually promiscuous. These views _ still carry on in pop culture today. He also talks about how black women were viewed in the _ _ times of Foxy Brown and Lil Kim. _ Pough, Gwendolyn D. â€Å"Love Feminism but Where’s My Hip-Hop? † Colonize This! Young Women of Color on Today’s Feminism. New York: Seal Press, 2002. 91-92. Pough talks about the need for African-American men to exploit women in music due to _ women gave her courage as a young women to use confrontations in her own life. Also, she _ _ talks about good verses bad work ethic among black women in music videos. Rose, Tricia. â€Å"Tricia Rose on Hip-Hop. † Interview with Princeton University. Program in the Study of Women and Gender. Dec. 1993. Rose talks about the bad effect of young women listening to degrading lyrics and believing _ them. Additionally, she says that when a woman makes a justifiable critique, men make it _ _ seem like some sort of PMS attack. _ Valenti, Jessica. Full Frontal Feminism. New York: Sea l Press, 2007. 10. Valenti talks about the third wave feminist movement and how it uses personal narratives, _ unlike prior waves of feminism. _

Similarities and Differences Between Jainism and Buddhism

Both Buddhism and Jainism. have many similarities and dissimilarities. As remarked be Monier Williams. â€Å"Buddhism and Jainism were not related to each other as parent or child but rather children of common parent, born at different intervals, though at about the same period of time and marked by distinct characteristics, though possession a strong family of resemblances†. W. W. Hunter writes â€Å"Jainism is as much independent from other sects, specially from Buddhism as can be expected, from any other sect. Not withstanding certain similarities, it differ from Buddhism in its ritual and objects of workship. Similarities : (1) The source of both the religion is vedic religion and both and indebted to Upanishads (2) Both Gautam Buddha and Mahavir belonged to princely families and not to priestly families. (3) Both deny the existence of God. (4) Both denied the authority of the Vedas and the necessity of performing sacrifices and rituals. (5) Both have accepted the theorie s of Karma rebirth and Moksha. (6) Both taught in the language of the common people i. e. Prakrit and not in Sanskrit which was the language of the priests. (7) Both of them were opposed to animal sacrifices. 8) Both of them admitted disciples from all the castes and from both sexes. (9) Ahimsa is the prominent principle of both the religions. (10) Both Buddhism and Jainism put stress on right conduct and right knowledge and not on religious ceremonial and ritual as the way to obtain salvation. (11) Both, the religions came as a sort of reform of Hindu religion. (12) Both the Religions were later on divided into two sects. Buddhism was divided into Mahayana and Hinayana. Jainism was divided into Svetambara and Digambara. (13) Both had their own three gems or ‘Tri Ratna'.Tri Ratna of Jainism were right philosophy right knowledge and right character. The Tri-Ratna of Buddhism were Budhha, Dhamma and Sangha. (14) Both had three main religious texts. Tripitaka, i. e. Vinaypitak, S uttapitaka and Abidhamma pitak were the three religious texts of Buddhism, where as Anga i. e, Anga, Upanga and Mulgrajitha were those of the Jainism. Dis-similarities : (1) Difference regarding conception Moksha : According to Buddhism, a man attains Moksha when he ends all the desires and can attain it while living in the world. But according, to Jainism Moksha is freedom from miseries and can be attained only after death. 2) Means of attainment of Moksha: According to Buddhist Sangha is proper for attainment of Moksha and they hate self-mortifications and severe penances. Jainism believes in fasts and severest penances. (3) Ahimsa : Though both emphasise the principle of Ahimsa, yet Jainism is more strict in this connection. (4) Soul: Buddhists do not believe in the existence of soul whereas Jainism believes the existence of soul in every living being. (5) Regarding Conduct: Buddhism emphasises the eight noble piths whereas Jainism emphasises Tri Ratna. (6) Language of Religious texts :Most of the Jain texts are in Sanskrit and Prakrit whereas Buddhist text are in Pali. (7)Their connection with Hinduism : Jain religion is nearer to Hinduism whereas Buddhism followed the policy of keeping away from Hinduism. (8) Caste system : Jains opposed it but Buddhism opposed and attacked vehemently. (9) Royal support and patronage : Buddhism received the royal support and patronage of kings like Ashoka and Kanishka. But Jainism could never receive strong royal support and Patronage. (10) Propagation : Buddhism spread to foreign countries whereas Jainism did not travel outside the boundaries of India.

Engineering Ethics Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Engineering Ethics Paper - Essay Example As an engineer, the general security of the trident plan needs to be reviewed. Contemplation is usually provided to the nuclear cycle from uranium extraction to neutralizing and waste storage. This consideration should be carried out as a community and to decommission the threats and effects of leading mishaps involved with nuclear missiles or submarine vessels. The following paper will look into past and current nuclear submarine mishaps that have paved way for nuclear weaponry overviews that analyze, provide evidence and recommend leaders on nuclear matters that involve engineering and security of the entire global community (Pfatteicher 2). The ex-Soviet Union (Komsomolets) In reference to particular submarine nuclear incidences, the community and department of defense will offer support to the creation of awareness on the impacts of these mishaps (Wallace, Wendy and Project Staff 1992). On April 7, 1989, an inferno began onboard the nuclear-motorized submarine, the Komsomolets. I n spite of the effort of the crew on board to stop the fire, the inferno grew to a point that was out of control. The submarine descended to a deepness of 5,500 feet, whilst off the Northern coast of Norway, 125 miles from the mainland. A crew of sixty-none men passed away. The sinking of the vessel is one of a kind pattern of mishaps that engage the soviet fleet of nuclear-motorized submarines and vessels. If the recent history of the soviet nuclear commerce is any monitor, it will not be the last. Plans that have been made towards a salvage operation after the occurrence of the mishap have been grounded on approximations of the ecological risk postured by the deepened submarine and the nuclear material released to the environment. In accordance with the facts provided by the Environmental Protection Agency, the loss of the soviet vessel most likely posed minimal ecological threats. Before this loss, the ex-Soviet Union had lost three other vessels with nuclear weaponry, and there was no sign of any radiation leak or other issue posturing as an ecological threat. Reacting to similar problems following the sinking of the submarine off Bermuda involved Vice Admiral Powell F. Carter, Jr., meeting with the Joint Chiefs of Staff to discuss the potential ecological threats brought about by the sunken submarine (Wallace, Wendy and Project Staff 1992). The American nuclear professionals had misgivings over the efforts made by the Soviet crew solely because of the inability of raising the submarine vessel from the sunken depths. Whilst the Soviet navy has tools that could submerge and several rescue and saving ships, they were mainly intended to lever submersibles sent down to save stuck crewmen (Pfatteicher 42). The engineering of the saving tools used by the Soviet ships did not have tonics or hoists able to tackle weights exceeding 750 tons. Engineering specialties from the Environmental Protection Agency stated that the soviets were supposed to adjust supertankers to supply adequate and huge platforms for the rescue and holding of the nuclear material. Apart from that, they had misgivings over the capability of the plan and assembled the tools essential for the rescue operation. Even though the salvage operation was practically possible, it could turn out to be an unbelievably hard task. Rather than raising the subma

Why some people take risks and some dont Research Paper

Why some people take risks and some dont - Research Paper Example They establish goals for themselves and started working toward achieving those goals. In the way, if they encounter a risky situation, they tend to take the risk rather than retreating from it because they do not want to compromise upon their plans. However, they undertake risks with a planned strategy so that they are able to mitigate the risks in case they encounter them. Such people are highly motivated. Motivation is one of the key drivers of the tendency to undertake risks. Motivated people cannot feel comfortable if they retreat from entering a risky situation, if that is what it takes to achieve their goal. A very important characteristic feature of the pro-risk people is that they are optimistic. A pessimistic person places too much emphasis over the possibilities of negative outcomes of a risk and thus feels discouraged to undertake it. People generally are not very optimistic about risks. Daniel Kaheman who has won Nobel Prize explained how the fear of loss is bigger for mo st people compared to the happiness of gain in these words, â€Å"For most people, the fear of losing $100 is more intense than the hope of gaining $150. [Amos Tversky and I] concluded from many such observations that ‘losses loom larger than gains’ and that people are loss averse† (Kaheman cited in Halvorson). ... Taking risk is related to self-actualization. Self-actualization sits at the top of the pyramid proposed by Maslow in his motivational theory, and can be described as the realization of the potential in an individual to fulfill themselves and make optimal use of their capabilities (Maslow 150). Why an individual takes a risk is explained by Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory. Maslow categorized all sorts of needs an individual might have into five basic kinds of needs, namely physiological needs, safety needs, love and belongingness needs, self-esteem needs, and the need of self-actualization (Cherry). Maslow placed these needs on top of each other in the form of a pyramid with the physiological needs forming the base and the need to self-actualize at the top. According to Maslow, an individual does not feel a higher level need unless all lower level needs are satisfied. Hence, a person would only feel the need for love and belongingness if their safety needs are addressed. Ta king this philosophy, an individual only feels the need to self-actualize when all lower level needs have been addressed. Self-actualization is when an individual takes incentives in order to grow and progress, take chances, as well as risks. Describing the attitude and approach of a self-actualized person, (Wilson) says that such people approach life with newness and even appreciate the experiences they have already had treating them as new. In view of the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, people that take risks in any aspect of their life have all their basic needs addressed. This suggests that they are capable of taking risks financially, mentally, emotionally, and physically. There are a range of factors that may stop a person from being adventurous.

Comments on BP 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comments on BP 3 - Essay Example The company will outsource some of its operations and will enter into a contract with the website development company in order to come up with attractive website. The team has effectively defined and elaborated all important elements and processed involved in the operation and transaction. The team has also included the elements of customer service and customer relationship management in order to make sure that the high customer value is provided to all customers. The company will also use social media techniques in order to market and promote the website and attract more traffic. The business model of the company is bit complicated as it involves several virtual links and partners. But the business model canvas provided by the team in the appendix has made it easier to comprehend the complete links and connections among all important partners and also has explained clearly how the business will operate. Lastly, the team has been able to calculate the cost behind the whole business model and has included all important costs and expenses in order to come up with more realistic figures. The major strength of this business plan is the testing of the product at the target market before launching it. This will allow the company to come up with the final product which accords with the needs and demands of the customers and there will be relatively less chances of rejection or failure. All the feedbacks and comments generated as a result of this pre-launch testing will be used by the company in order to improve the final product. This testing also allowed the company to identify the most profitable target segment. The company relies on heavy input from the customers and devises strategies accordingly. This, in turn, will allow increasing the customers’ satisfaction and attracting more customers. The main idea behind the whole business is to provide the eating products to the customers on mobile trucks and vehicles. This will allow the company

Human Rights in International Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human Rights in International Law - Essay Example Other than these methods, other international human rights instruments also exist that are not legally binding but have an effect on the implementation, understanding and development of international human rights laws. These sources of law have been recognised to have a political obligation1. International human rights laws are enforceable on the domestic, regional and international levels. Any states that are involved in human rights treaties undertake a voluntary obligation to respect the rights recognised in the respective treaties. Furthermore, it is the duty of the state to ensure compliance of domestic laws with the conditions laid down in treaties so that domestic and international law is compatible. Although the primary mechanism of human rights protection and the ensuing legal framework are mostly domestic in nature but the bereaved party may resort to regional or international legal mechanisms to redress concerns. Alternatively, regional or international legal mechanisms ma y enforce themselves on domestic situations in order to deal with human rights abuses. Human rights are protected internationally through the use of two parallel legal mechanisms namely the international human rights laws and the international humanitarian laws. ... For general cases, human rights are taken to regulate the relationship existing between individuals and the state within the context of an ordinary life. In contrast, humanitarian laws are taken to regulate the relationship between a belligerent state and any parties it comes into contact with. These parties could be hostile or neutral when seen in the context of an armed conflict2. This paper will concern itself with the implementation of human rights laws alone on the domestic, regional and international levels. 2. International Law on Human Rights In the post World War Two scenario, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is the watershed of international human rights law. The United Nations General Assembly adopted this declaration in 1948 and can be seen as a reaction to the experiences of the Second World War. In itself, this declaration is the first global expression of rights that all human beings are entitled to3. The importance of this declaration stems from the fact that its articles have been used subsequently in international treaties, national constitutions, domestic laws and regional human rights instruments. The declaration is not a treaty in itself but has been adopted explicitly in order to define the words â€Å"human rights† and â€Å"fundamental freedoms† that are listed in the United Nations Charter. In turn, the United Nations Charter is binding on all member states and so the Universal Declaration on Human Rights is a fundamental constitutive document for the United Nations. A large body of international lawyers holds that the Declaration is part of customary international law. This position implies that the Declaration is an

Principle-based ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Principle-based ethics - Essay Example According to the deontological principle, one ought to do an action that upholds his/her moral obligation without what the other people consider appropriate (Shaw, 2008). America is a capitalistic state whose economy is guarded by the laws of demand and supply, which determine the price of commodities in the market (Futrelle, 2012). From a deontological perspective, market forces can suddenly increase demand of commodities without a corresponding increase in supply; implying that people are demanding more than the market supply. Thus, this implies prices of commodities will automatically rise because of other factors other than those affecting demand and supply (Shaw, 2008). Thus, merchants often base their argument on this notion by arguing that they do not cause price gouging but the situation arises from the forces of demand and supply. Conversely, the principle of justice agitates for fairness to all involved entities in price gouging situations. It is widely known that if demand is more than supply, the prices of commodities will increase steadily to counter the deficit in the market. For this reason, merchants with sufficient stock during this particular time, can leverage from the situation since it is a rare case that may never happen again. Thus, according to this principle, it is fair for them to be allowed to benefit from the economic situation since it is not their making but because of market forces (Wicks, 2010). On the other hand, there are ethical principles that are against the act of price gouging because they consider such acts as selfishness that are only meant to benefit a few individuals at the opportunity cost of others (Bredeson, 2012). For instance, the principle of beneficence states that, whenever you are doing anything, the ratio of good should always supersede the quota of evil not only to one’s self but also to the entire world. Therefore, in the case of this particular situation,

The role women played in todays society Research Paper

The role women played in todays society - Research Paper Example As a result, more women were more open to the idea of sticking to the traditional perception of women as housewives and PAs, as opposed to high flying career women (Empey 152). While women ascribed to feminist opinions that suggested otherwise, many still harbored conservative perceptions which characterized them as having intrinsic limitations and therefore unable to choose between careers and marriage (Empey 152). In high schools and colleges, young women were found to have aspirations that saw them stick to the traditional roles regarding family and gender. A further study carried out on a sample of 1194 girls spread across high schools and colleges in Washington revealed that 80% of them preferred marriage to careers, while only 8% preferred careers to marriage (Empey 152); the remaining 12% was unsure about where they stood. The overwhelming majority of the sample stated that the most important role of women in the society was to get married and raise a family. The small remaini ng percentage favored both career and marriage as being a woman’s most significant obligations to society (Empey 152). Some other responses to the survey that support this stance include the opinion of majority of the surveyed women that they would not take up jobs to which their significant others were opposed; they would not move away from their families immediately they had settled, in pursuit of better career prospects elsewhere; and they felt a greater sense of accountability towards preserving the repose of their families (Empey 152). Fast-forward to the 1970s and the number of women pursuing professional postgraduate programs upon completion of their college education rose sharply in the United States (Goldin and Katz 730). Expectedly, the age at which women got married for the first time also escalated drastically (Goldin and Katz 730). Beginning in the 1970s, more and more women began to venture into professional courses such as law and medicine; a scenario which saw the number of female law graduates increase by well over 26% between 1970 and 1986 (Goldin and Katz 730). In the same breath, the number of married women among college graduates began to take a dip (Goldin and Katz 731). While Goldin and Katz attribute this phenomenon to the increased popularity of the birth control pills, what is agreeable is that more and more women postponed the decision to get married to much later years than before. The pill was seen by women as giving them more sexual freedom without facing the consequences of unwanted pregnancies and hence facilitating the ability of women to invest in their careers in the long term. More women found that the pill enabled them to delay marriage and engage in establishing their careers, as the pill greatly reduced the cost of doing this in what Goldin and Katz refer to as â€Å"reducing the cost is the marriage market† (731). The overall effect was that women could delay marriage for as long as they pleased. The number of women graduating from college and getting married within two years of leaving college plunged (Goldin and Katz 731). Consequently, more women compared to men began to pursue professional courses after graduation from college. In the present the day, the situation has changed even more significantly. According to Wallop, more and more women are getting married in their 30s and 40s than ever before (telegraph.co.uk). The mean age which women found appropriate to get married in 2008 was 29.9

Physician Assisted Suicide Essay Example for Free

Physician Assisted Suicide Essay According to the opposing viewpoints database Assisted suicide occurs when a physician provides a patient with the means of ending his or her life-usually a prescription for a fatal dose of drugs. The patient takes the drugs independently of the doctor. Assisted Suicide (also known as physician assisted suicide) has been an issue that is becoming hot as scientists are getting the ability to prolong human life and find a new way to cure diseases previously not able to be cured and people have been talking about people dying due to those diseases. Doctors have had to explain the available treatment options and to obtain the patients consent prior to treatment since the early 1900s with the standard of informed consent. This lets the patient make their own choice with the input of their doctor, and not just do whatever the doctor says. The question with assisted suicide is, Should people who want to die be allowed to arrange an easy, no pain death? I believe that with the correct guidelines and laws, allowing someone to take their own life should be allowed and ratified in all states. The opposing argument does have pretty good points, but I believe that the pros of allowing assisted suicide outweigh the cons. First the opposing view saying that assisted suicide shouldnt be legal says that legalizing assisted suicide would make it too easy for others, such as people suffering from treatable depression, to commit suicide. People with treatable depression might take advantage of this, but people with untreatable depression that have no way out and it is unfair to them to not be able to decide what they want. With the legalization of assisted suicide there will be steps in order for a person to qualify for it, such as the ones already  set up by the Netherland which state To qualify for euthanasia under Dutch law, a person must be mentally capable of making the decision, act voluntarily, be ill without hope of recovery, and have a lasting wish to die. Physicians performing euthanasia must consult with at least one other doctor and must write reports on each case. These qualifications will make it much more difficult for people to take advantage of the system of assisted suicide. Another opposing argument is that people who want to live might not get good care if assisted suicide is a cheaper alternative. This would not be the case because the Hippocratic Oath, which according to Medicinenet is a statement of medical ethics tells physicians, first, do no harm. While you might have the few corrupt doctors who will try to do this, the protocol set in place will make it very difficult for doctors to do this. Lastly the opposing view points My first reason of supporting the legalization of assisted suicide is since because people already can refuse treatment even if they know they will die, why are the not allowed to actively seek out a pain free death? Since you can decline to have treatment done on you if you have a life threatening disease and you know youre going to die, I believe it is fair to ask to be killed and put out of your misery. People with untreatable diseases such as Ebola, and cancer that will cause death, and depression that is untreatable should have a way to die without the day to day pain and suffering of living with the incurable diseases. Next assisted suicide should be legal because if someone is going to kill themselves already we should allow a pain free option, as opposed to a suicide like shooting or hanging yourself. People will always want to kill themselves but with the legalization of assisted suicide I think it will actually cut down on the number of suicides. The process of going through and getting cleared to have an assisted suicide might be able to clear a persons head and have them think more about whether they actually want to die or not so they cannot make a rash decision. This will also allow for a suicide that will go much more smoothly than suicides done by now by yourself since the physicians and doctors who know what they are doing are prescribing you a drug that you take to allow you to die. According to the  opposing viewpoints database some physician feel that it is appropriate for them to end the suffering of a patient who is capable of making a rational decision and asks to die. According to a study done by suicide.org from 1950-2003 26 percent of suicides attempted resulted in a failed suicide and just caused injury. This fact is not good and would be nonexistent if assisted suicide was legalized. Lastly assisted suicide should be legal because humans have the right to decide whether they want to live or die. We have the right to bear arms, freedom of speech, and other freedoms. We are our own entity, and I believe that people should have the right to a much more practical death run by someone who knows what they are doing. All human beings should be treated as equal and able they have certain rights. I believe that one of those rights is the right to determine if they want to live or die, and I think that people should have the option to have a professional to help. The debate of assisted suicide is a hot issue and has allowed for some very good debates in the past couple of years. I think the opposing view has some good points, but in my eyes the pros of assisted suicide diffidently outweigh the cons of it. I think assisted suicide should be legalized because since people can refuse treatment even if they are going to die why cant the ask to die, we should allow a pain free option since if they are already contemplating it they might do it so we should allow a way for someone to commit suicide with a professionals help, and lastly because it is a right humans have to determine whether they live or die. Assisted suicide is something that people talk about and a lot of people have opposing views of it, with me being on the side saying it should be legal. Citation page Assistedsuicide.org: Suicide Statistics. _At Suicide.org! , , , , !_ N.p., 12 June 2013. Web. 10 Oct. 2014. . Oppsingveiwpoints.com: Assisted Suicide. _Opposingviewpoints_. N.p., 15 Feb. 2012. Web. 10 Oct. 2014. . Hippocratic Oath: Hippocratic Oath. _MedicineNet_. N.p., 22 Nov. 2009. Web. 12 Oct. 2014. .

Fashion buyer

Fashion buyer Introduction Fashion buyers role is to monitoring the development of a product range targeted at a specific market group and price range. In a small company, buyer may also be involved in the creative and technical areas of developing a product, therefore one criteria to be a buyer is to have product knowledge. The goal of buyer is to deliver consumers a garment with satisfactory in appearance, fit, comfort, quality and price. Technology is said to be the â€Å"foundation of all jobs within the fashion business†. Indeed, technology is extensively used in different processes in the textile pipeline, from fibre to clothing and to consumer. For hundred years, development of fibres and fabrics with specific functions and machineries has been heavily dependent on technology. Digital systems such as CAD are introduced to the design and product development processes. Technology is also essential for communication between retailers, manufacturers and consumers. This study is to evaluate the performance of fabrics during manufacture and use, processes involved in the creation of a garment, the impact of human measurement on the provision of adequate sizing and how CAD system is applied in the stages of product development and visualization and to analyze how technology influents fashion buyers decision on range planning. Creation of garment Before production of garment takes place, the stage of design, product development and sourcing should be completed and provided that all the materials have arrived. There are several processes encompassed in the creation of a garment; beginning with spreading and cutting fabrics, sewing, wet processing and finally applying pressing. Generally before cutting, fabrics including body and interlining, need to be spread and or pre-washed if required, can then be cut into parts and panels, which spreading and cutting can be done by computer-controlled machinery in mass-production and manually for sampling. Spreading is defined as the process of â€Å"superimposing lengths of fabrics on a cutting table† by Glock and Kunz (2005, 402), and â€Å"fabrics may be spread face up, face down or face to face† for there are directional fabrics such as velvet, corduroy and fake fur, even with one or two-way prints and stripes, depending which direction they are viewed and it is important to be distinguished as this will affect the aesthetics of the finished product. Applications of interfacing, which is defined by Frings (2008, p164) â€Å"is a layer of fabric placed directly under the garment fabric for structuring and support†, may be required in different parts such as waistband and pocket openings of a garment especially tailored, helping to maintain shapes and eliminating damages on fabric from radical stretching. Interfacing is also one example of trimmings, and â€Å"use of trimmings varies with each segment of the industry.† (Frings, 2008) Functional trimmings such as elastics and zippers are widely used in sportswear, and decorative trimmings such as embroidery and buttons may be used in childrens wear making the products look more attractive. Stitches are applied to assembling the parts and panels together into pieces. According to British Standard 3870-1:1991, stitches are divided into 6 classes. Class 100 Chain stitch: Brown and Rice (2001) indicated it is flexible but also unravels easily by pulling one end of the thread, mainly used for making button holes. Class 200 Hand stitch: mostly for decorative uses Class 300 Lock stitch: widely used in industry with no problem of seam grin, but puckering, however, more secure and good for setting zippers and pockets. Class 400 Multi-thread chain stitch: can be combined with Class 500 integrating safety stitches with stretchiness. Class 500 Overedge chain stitch: widely used in knitwear industry due to its extensibility Class 600 Covering chain stitch: very extensive and strong and used especially for knitted fabrics. There are variations of stitch types providing different level of functional performance, comfort as well as attractiveness and decision on which types to use is determined by the type of fabric used and purpose of the end product. For example, the combination safety stitch 401.503 is most commonly used for security and neatens the cut edges of both knitted and woven fabrics; hand stitching using thick, colourful threads is very decorative especially for childrens wear. However, sewing faults such as seam puckering and grin, even damages on fabrics may be caused by insufficient use of stitches, thread tensions and machine needles. Moreover, it is mentioned by Chuter (1995, p136) â€Å"a mismatch between thread and fabric causes puckers on washing†, especially for products need to undertake wet processing as a finishing, therefore choice of thread has to be careful particularly in a product designed with decorative stitches, because it cannot be mended once the damages are mad e unless taking out all the seams and start sewing again. The principle of pressing is defined by Cooklin (1997) that is to remove creases from a garment by application of heat, steam and pressure, in order to create a desired final appearance of a product. Pressing may apply during the process of assembling to open seams, or press a hem. However, condition of pressing varies from different fabrics; for example, cotton and linen fabrics requires a hot iron, and can be pressed on the right and the wrong sides, whereas fabrics made from synthetic fibres require a cool iron or they will melt under too much heat. Process of pressing should be held by experts avoiding damages on products. From fibres to fabrics Textile fibres are the basic unit of a garment, contributing to aesthetics, durability, comfort and appearance of a garment. Fibres can be divided into 2 categories, natural and man-made. Natural fibres come from plants consisting of cellulose and animals consisting of protein; cotton, flax, wool and silk are the most commonly used in knitting fabrics. All natural fibres are spun into staple, short fibre yarns (except silk, a filament, long fibre yarn) through specific spinning system accordingly (See Figure 4). Yarns can be twisted into 2 directions: Z for cotton and linen and S for woolen and worsted. It is clarified by Elsasser (2005, p113) that â€Å"twist direction does not affect quality in single yarns.† Man-made fibres, also called manufactured, mentioned by Eberle (2004) can be classified further into cellulosic and synthetics, such as viscose, polyester and nylon, are produced through technology from chemicals (petroleum) and natural sources (wood) that cannot be used in original form, and then into yarns. Elsasser (2005, p14) stated that â€Å"Science and technology have allowed people to create fibres to meet specific end-use applications. For example, the nylon used in auto mobile tired is very different from the nylon used in hosiery.† Several man-made fibres are produced to be substitute of particular natural fibres due to economical and environmental factors; for instance, viscose, a manufactured (regenerated) cellulosic fibre made from natural fibres to chemical solution then extruded through spinneret, is also called â€Å"artificial silk† (Elsasser, 2005) for its fineness and luster and it is very much less expensive than silk; acrylic, a synthetic fibre, ha s properties closely resemble those of wool. Subsequently man-made fibres are spun and twisted into filament yarns by different spinning systems according to fibre type, such as melt spinning, dry spinning, wet spinning (see Figure 5) and many others, which can then be constructed into fabrics and used in wide range of apparels. The most common methods of forming a fabric are weaving and knitting, however non-woven fabrics are also widely used in textile industry. Woven fabrics are constructed in an interlacing structure with 2 sets of threads, which is firm and strong with the least stretch; three basic weaves are plain (e.g. chiffon), twill (e.g. herringbone and denim) and satin. Whereas knitted fabrics can be made by machine and hand, are formed with an interlocking structure in weftwise or warpwise direction by loops of threads, allowing significant stretch and drape but can easily lose shape; three basic knits are single jersey, rib and purl. â€Å"The structure of a fabric, or how it is fabricated, affects its aesthetic and functional performance.† (Brown and Rice, 2001) As well as the structure, fibres carrying different properties determine the performance of a fabric, and thereby different end uses. Elsasser (2005) suggested properties of a fibre maybe classified as physical, mechanical, chemical and environmental. â€Å"Physical properties are properties that can be evaluated with the naked eye or with a microscope† (Elsasser, 2005, p14) including cross section (see Figure 7), covering power, hand, luster and pilling propensity. Abrasion resistance, dimensional stability and resiliency are examples of mechanical properties of that can be determined under textile testing procedures. For example, cotton is soft and comfortable, which can be knitted into a lightweight single jersey fabric making into underwear or a heavyweight denim fabric making into jeans; polyester has a high level of resistance to crea ses and water, it can be knitted to make sportswear, outerwear. â€Å"Chemical properties of a fibre determine how it will react when it is exposed to the many substances used in production and in cleaning (Elsasser, 2005, p22) including absorbency and flammability. Environmental properties are the sensitivity of a fibre to climate and insects. â€Å"Most authorities agree that the colour or printed design of a fabric is the most important factor in the customers decision to purchase apparel of furnishings,† expressed by Elsasser (2005, p172). Brown and Rice (2001, p183) mentioned that â€Å"fabrics can be dyed in the fibre, yarn, fabrics, of garment stage† by dyeing and printing. Dyeing is to be processed by soluble colourants penetrating colours to the core of fibres, and printing is adding colours onto fabrics by pigment, insoluble colourants. There are always some instinctive disadvantages of fibres such as cotton wrinkles very easily; combination of fibres knitted into fabrics is one way of offsetting, at the same time enhancing the fabric with better function and performance. For example, polyester is blended with cotton to provide a certain level of crease resistance to a fabric and improve durability; viscose blending with cotton providing a silky appearance. â€Å"Finishes give textile products properties they do not possess naturally† said Elsasser (2005, p189). Besides blending, weaknesses of fibres maybe overcome by mechanical and chemical finishing processes modifying surface, wearing properties and aftercare. Mechanical finishing includes calendering, raising, cropping and compressive shrinkage, which require machinery to achieve. Chemical finishing includes mothproofing, crease recovery, anti static, flame retardant. Calendering is often applied for a smooth surface if the fabric needs to be printed; moth proofing is most likely to apply on woollen products as a finish. Consumers become more concerned about the quality of textile products nowadays, quality of a garment can be controlled by inspecting raw materials and finished products; a set of lab tests and inspections are carried out to assure the quality â€Å"indicating factors such as fabric and seam strength, colourfastness, shrinkage, and other properties† suggested by Kothari (1999, p7) and there are authorities such as British Standards Institute and International Standards Organization to standardize the levels on test methods, performance and the specification. Sizing â€Å"Body type is the fundamental basis of sizing systems. For apparel sizing, body types are classified by body proportions as related to age and gender† indicated by Glock and Kunz (2005, p139), for example toddlers, juniors and women, there are also additional body types classified as petite, tall or plus sizes. It is suggested by Brown and Rice (2001) that age, sex and body types group together into classification generating the sizing system including a size range and there are sizing methods for the majority mass-produced clothing, e.g. size code. Size code can be expressed in letter (S, M, L) or number forms (10, 12, 14), which represents general body size, however, different numbers or letters are used in a particular garment, for example, in mens dress shirts, sizes are indicated according to the collar and the sleeve length measurements such as 16-34. According to the British Standard of body measurement, size code of the garment should be indicated clearly on a label and securely attached to where it is easily readable on the garment. Brown and Rice soon argued it is lack of standardization on apparel sizing and the numerical codes do not necessarily indicate adequate sizes for many female consumers. Glock and Kunz (2005; p141) enlightened that â€Å"size alone does not determine garment fit. Fit is how a garment conforms to or differs from the body. Fit is sometimes described as garment ‘cut. A well-cut garment conforms to the body in a comfortable and flattering manner.† Silhouette of a garment is often determined by anthropometrics, which is a set of measurement of human body establishing the size, shape and proportion of the body in order to provide and improve for better fit, physical comfort and performance of a garment. Fit is evaluated by Brown and Rice (2005) that can be controlled by five elements: grain, set, line, balance and ease. In order to establishing a good fit, the grain line of fabric needs to be parallel to the length of body; bias may be cut to achieve special effects. A garment with poor set will have wrinkles and folds pinpointing the locations of the fit problem, which the wrinkles caused cannot be eliminated by ironing. Twisted side seams is one example of distortion of the structural lines of the garment where side seams are meant to be hanging down and perpendicular to the floor and this may be caused by poor design or construction. Garments should balance from the front, back or sides and follow the silhouette of the body. Garment containing adequate ease should allow room for ordinary movements such as walking and breathing, and yet it is sometimes a style for a garment to be designed and made with extra fullness. In addition, stretch fabrics are particularly selected for conforming the exact body silhouette than rigid fabrics and manipulation of body scanning technology is introduced in recent years, obtaining more than a hundred measurements of a body in only few seconds and provided with this data, an absolute fit garment can be produced. CAD CAD (Computer Aided Design), an interactive computer design system extensively used in the clothing and textiles industry, is often used together with CAM (Computer Aided Manufacture). They can be distinguished by â€Å"CAD is generally used to support the creative processes in the design studio and CAM is used in the manufacturing process to control machinery or system (such as grading, lay planning or pattern cutting).† (Gray, 1998, p2) and it is suggested by Aldrich (1992, p84) that it has â€Å"an ability to simulate visual impressions†. CAD technology was originally developed for textile industry, and soon introduced into all processes in clothing industry â€Å"from apparel and textile design, pattern making, grading, garment production through to merchandising and data management.†(Burke, 2006, p157) The first stage in the process is often apparel and textile design. Designers uses CAD system in creating fashion illustration by simulating and designing textiles (wovens, knits, prints) and sketching silhouette of garments, presenting visual images of moodboards, colour palettes, fabric swatches, fabric draping, trims, embroidery motifs, stitch structures, scanning and editing images as well as producing higher quality of printouts. Pattern creation is the next stage in the clothing process. As CAD is a computerized system, it enables technicians â€Å"to scan, digitize in or create pattern blocks on screen and redesign pattern pieces where necessary† (Aldrich, 1992, p95), which makes pattern making very much convenience than it was before. Once the basic pattern is digitized into the computer and by inputting a size chart, â€Å"grading, or how each pattern shape changes to allow for different sizes, is automatically achieved.† (Aldrich, 1992, p83) With the digitalized system of pattern developing and grading, a lay plan (also called a marker), which is a cutting template, can then easily be generated of how the patterns should be laid out together â€Å"as closely and efficiently as possible† (Eberle, 2004, p145) to maximized usage of the fabric during the manufacturing process. Depending on the width of the fabric and pattern sizes, the lay can be planned into single size or multi-size. In addition, CAD is also used throughout the supply chain for communication between retailers, suppliers and customers. CAD can be integrated with other information technology systems, generating 2D designs to 3D, carrying out processes excluded in design and manufacturing stage, such as collecting sales orders and controlling stock as well as planning and visualizing shop floor layouts. Discussion Being a fashion buyer, there are some crucial factors of technology which have to be taken into consideration when a new range of products is under development. In term of range, every season retailers have various product categories as ‘fashion, ‘seasonal and ‘staple styles, different terminology maybe used in different retailers, such as ‘classic or ‘key items. Seasonal items are designed in specific themes for weather changes and traditional events including Halloween, Christmas and Easter, usually individual collection is designed for each category. Staple items are usually the basic styles selling in the previous season with more or less the same fitting however minor changes, such as style (from crew neck to V-neck) and colour combos. Fashion items are the unique and trendy items in the collection which only sell for a particular season and buyers are responsible for the selection of the collection including the outlook of items, fabrics used, colo urways by forcasting future trends. Goworek (2001, p20) defined range planning is that â€Å"the stage where buyers define the detail of the range that is to be offered to the customer in terms of styling, fabric, design details, suppliers and prices.† In the stage of planning, buyer needs to make decisions on the followings: Theme, fabrics, trims, patterns and colours to be used in each style; depending on what season and style the garment is in, different types of fabrics and colours may apply accordingly achieving specific outlooks. Size range for individual styles; most of the retailers usually have specific target market groups which the size range is based. However measurements sometimes vary slightly for fashion items. Range selection; the styles to be manufactured, the amount and ratio of styles such as tops and bottoms to be included in each category collection; there are usually hundreds of styles designed every season and only 60-70 styles are in final production list. Origin of the products; buyer considers the techniques to be used in the garments and decides where to place the bulk orders according to the manufacturers capabilities. Selling price; price to be sold in the stores â€Å"A product at any level must achieve the correct balance between price, quality, creativity and wearability†, said by Tungate (2004, p226). â€Å"Quality of textile and apparel products can prove decisive in the success or failure of companies in the fiercely competitive global market† stated by Kothari (1999, p1). Quality to the consumers means fitness for purpose such as comfort, warmth. Comfort can be performed by different sectors of a garment: fabrics, and design fitting. Fabric is the main component for comfort, which influences the presentation of a garment at the same time. Inadequately used fabric may result in not selling, for example an evening gown designed to be shiny and drapes well should use satin or silk not twill fabric, as the garment is worn next to skin, twill fabric is not appropriate for its surface is rough and uncomfortable to wear. Being attractively dressed is not the only reason for people to wear clothes; functional properties such as protection and keeping body warm is also a crucial factor and fabric should be appropriately used in apparel, additional finishing can be applied depending on purpose of garment, may be for different events and weathers, for example, a rain coat should have a waxed finish on the fabric surface protecting body from wet. Therefore, fabric sourcing is an essential process for new development; buyers should have background and update knowledge on fibres and fabrics as there is â€Å"continuous development of specialized fibers or fabrics for specific functions† (Kim and Johnson, 2009), as well as the technology in manufacturing. Since buyers may not be an expert on textiles, designer and the fabric technologists usually participate in the stage of fabric sourcing, it is important to distinguish the fibre contents and the constructions of a fabric as it is under British Standard that the fibre content must be clearly and accurately shown on a label stating what the garment was made of as well as the care instructions. Quality of the fabrics is tested by the authorized laboratory such as SGS, ITS ensuring fabrics achieving the standard of certain requirements in order to satisfy consumers. Brown and Rice (2001, p183) pointed out that â€Å"dyeing and printing are merchandising decisions as much as technical decisions because colour is critical to consumers when considering which garment to purchase.† When consumers first walk into shops, the first component appears to them is colour and the patterns of the garment. Buyers should always keep track on the fashion trend and the latest technology of dyeing and printing as well as competitors movements before making decisions as wrong decisions made may result in no sales and lose money, it is clearly shown by the failure case study of Marks and Spencer choosing the colour ‘grey to be the theme colour of its products. On the other hand, when making decisions, buyers should take into account the cost of the finishings needed to be applied to the fabrics and products, some finishings require special machinery for which not every manufacturer will have and for those who have, will demand a higher price for produci ng. For example, an additional cost of mercerizing process will be added to manufacturing the cotton fabric. Also, most of the time, fabrics are to be dyed into required colours and the cost of the fabric should include the dyeing cost, however for a product designed with garment dye finishing will cost more as manufacturers do not own a dyeing mill. Labour cost will also includes due to the constructions of the products using complicated machinery such as the cost of sewing in lock stitch will be less than sewing five-thread decorative overlock stitch. Cost can be eliminated in such minor sections to keep the whole production cost down, for one of the duties of buyer is to keep manufacturing cost down in order to make most profit for the company. Manually prototypes are manufactured with designated materials, colours and prints, then fitted on a model for buyers and designers reviewing if there should be any amendments, and while clothing designers use CAD systems together with other IT systems such as V-stitcher to perform ideas and stimulate designs by editing details, it is a more convenience and less time-consuming way to visual prototypes and change the materials, colourways, print patterns, trims and even the silhouette of a garment in a 2D and 3D computerized system as efficiency is crucial in this fast fashion industry. However, these digital systems are not affordable for every company. Consumers are concerned about apparel sizing and fit, they tend to purchase garments make them look well dressed and it is indicated by Brown and Rice (2005, p154) that â€Å"manufacturers aim to produce apparel that consistently fits their target market because apparel that fits increases sales and customer satisfaction† as well as gaining customer loyalty for they can expect to find a good fit as found before. The size range of garments available in store maybe different between retailers depending on what their target customer is. Moreover, garment measurements also vary between styles according to the perception of fashion, for example, the latest trend for womens top is oversized, measurement on shoulder of the fashion items will be bigger than a basic crew neck t-shirt. In order to achieve good fit, 3D body scanner can be applied to collect measurements of a model in the retailers target market group and transferring into computer data and collaborating technology of body scanning and V-stitcher, an avatar representing specific target market group is developed in V-stitcher system. Together with CAD system, where patterns are prepared, designers and buyers can review the styles on the avatar by different poses and movement and amend the fitting if necessary. Constructions of a garment can also be demonstrated in this collaboration system by putting specification of stitches and seams onto the prototypes. Nevertheless, it is difficult to examine the suitability use of stitches and seams without an actual finished prototype is produced. Conclusion This study illustrated the application of technology in the clothing and apparel industry from fibres to fabrics and to finished products, it is indeed used throughout all stages by designers, buyers and manufactures with digital and manual systems. Fibres and fabrics are being developed continuously, design and product development processes are becoming more and more dependent on the digital technology systems as demonstrated by Lectra, it is very useful to creating all the virtual images of designs, colourways and materials and generating into a collection in a computerized system. Technology is demonstrated as an advancement of this fast fashion industry. In order to success in the new product development, fashion buyers are responsible for making decisions for a complete collection of styles, based on researching the market for the latest trends, the consumer behaviours, and the most important is the application of technology. Design may be the key factor of a successful product, however, will not succeed without assistance with technology. The key elements of technology that influents fashions buyers decision in a new product development will be the technology achieving better fit and better quality to a garment.

Information technology interpersonal communication

Information technology interpersonal communication Introduction Information Technology Interpersonal Communication What is Information Technology? Information Technology (IT) is the using of computer and software to manage information (Laura Schneider, About.com). Information Technology have four developing periods, which are Premechanical (3000 B.C-1450 B.C), Mechanical (1450-1840), Electromechanical (1840-1940) and Electronic (1940- Present). The characteristic of Information Technology (IT) uses to solve the input, processing, output and communication issues. However, with the development of the society, Information Technology (IT) plays more important role; it has special charm to effect mankinds life within Arts, Sciences, Education, Commerce and Medical. In fact, Information Technology (IT) has complex functions because of development. The Modern Information Technology Department included Computers, Servers, Database Management Systems, and Cryptography (Laura Schneider, About.com). The department would set up of several system administrators, database administrators. On the other hand, what is interpersonal communication? The Interpersonal Communication (IC) is an extraordinary form that happens when 2 or more people work together with another person and reciprocally influence for each other (Fallkowski, 2002). Contemporary their action denotes that the communication associates are having the same information at the same time. Besides, the reciprocally influence means, which affected by the interaction such as thoughts, feelings, and interpretation. Essentially, Interpersonal Communication is kept and maintained relationships by the human. Moreover, it plays more importance of roles that include People, Messages, Channels, Noises, and Feedbacks. Generally speaking, Interpersonal Communication (IC) can improve people with the education needed for entrance kinds of Careers Company. They will face the challenges of effective communication. Changes Brought by IT In the modern of society, Information Technology (IT) always have a lot of advantages and disadvantages to human; it is an important topic that people can recognize what Information Technology is exactly or mistakenly, and why it also plays the most important role in our daily life. In fact, the world has altered due to assist of Information Technology. The significance of IT can be discovered from the true things that consist of personal PCs, Hand Phones, Fax Machines, Email, and Internet. Communication With the development of the technology, communication has also become that are cheaper, quicker, and more effectiveness. People communicate with anyone around the globe by simply text messaging them or sending them and email for an almost instantaneous response. The internet has also opened up face to face direct communication from diverse parts of the world. The number of websites start to support that user can download different software, songs, movies, and games at anywhere and anytime. Microsoft Network (MSN) is free software of communication that creates E-Mail, Sending Message and Sharing Space. It also builds own personal place (Blogging) on the website (REDMOND, Wash 2004). In fact, people can use internet that understand different news such as business news, political news, educational news, and others in the world. Besides, more and more colleges and companies are beginning to build virtual office telecommuting systems, which are providing working rates. Students can also study their subjects and managers can increase rate of management. Changes In the Way We Learn The rapid development of economy, IT also improves peoples living qualities. When you watched TV or played game, you would think about Information Technology (IT) because many movies and Pc-games were designed by the computer. Actually, Computer and Internet are the best certification, more and more companies pay attention to how to use Information Technology (IT) to manage their company. MAAKL Home Office (MHO) is an unusual software of investment (Personal Money, June 2009), which can be accessed via multi-channels such as a Desktop Computer, Network or Windows Mobile Personal Digital Assistant. Next, Science and Medicine are changed by computer such as Pool Knowledge, Track Complex Behaviors, and Simulate Complex Systems, Patient Care, Research, Special Needs, and Sports Medicine (Roberta Baber, 1997). Moreover, Information Technology (IT) teaches young children how to learn knowledge. In high schools and colleges students can benefit from computer-based learning experience. In ad dition, education does not stop in the classroom; there are much software that students can choose to learning such as Online Dictionary, History, Geography, and Biology. On the other hand, some scientists use Information Technology (IT) to solve transportation problem, which are consisting of Smart Cars, Air Traffic Control, Airline Reservation Systems, Airports, Logistics, Trains, and Travel Guides and Toward the Future (Roberta Baber, 1997). According to the above examples, we can see that the government agencies, education institution, and industrial do not leave Information Technology (IT). Time Efficiency IT has created that it possible for business to be untied all over the globe. This means that a business can open anytime and anywhere, making purchases from different countries easier and more suitable. It also means that you can contain your goods delivered right to your doorstep with having to mover a single muscle. Today the number of people utilize that information can be shared by voice mail, and recorded telephone message can sent from anywhere in the world. Scanners can build a lot of pictures, which change documents. Via fax modems can send documents to a fax machine or photo in other places such as office, building, state, and country. Besides, e-mail has provided the best service to every computer user in daily living (Human Relations, 2006). As a result, we can observe that Information Technology (IT) not only save times and improve working rates, but it also solves barriers of linguistic and geographic boundaries. Cost Effectiveness Information Technology (IT) has helped to computerize the business process therefore streamlining businesses to make them extremely cost effective money making machines. This in turn increases productivity which ultimately gives rise to profits that means better pay and less strenuous working conditions. Nowadays, in high-tech communication environment (Human Relations, 2006), which are more and more companies keep virtual offices and networks of workers are connecting technology. No mater they are at outside, airplane, a motel room and communicate with visa e-mail, cellular phone, and fax modern. Moreover, telecommuting is an arrangement that employee can work in their homes, and people scattered in the world to work as one office employees. According to the above event, it is always elucidation that Information Technology (IT) can bring more benefits to commerce. Junk Mail Junk mail is email that a personality did not ask for, Unsolicited, funny photographs, advertisement, and junk. There is existing many individual personals e-mails, which are including Types of Unsolicited email, Harassing Mail, Chain Mail, Virus Hoaxes, Viruses and Email, and Collateral Spam(Human Relations, 2006). In fact, when someone views the contents, there are many attachments that can shut down an entire operating system. Therefore, the number of jobs will be affected by junk mail. In contrast, some people may accept a little risk because they often use e-mail to contact their friends or relatives. Moreover, almost companies have feedback center, they often use e-mail to solve customers problems. When customers check their e-mail, they may receive viruss mails and junk mails. Thus junk mail also threatens safeties of the computers. Privacy Problem It is commonly believe that Information Technology (IT) is communication quicker, convenient, and easier. However, it has some privacy problems in our daily life. For example, when you are using your call phone or computer, you may face that your private information will be obstructed by other people. Therefore, people are beginning anxious about their individual living changing public news. Hackers will use malicious software that sets up Trojan virus on the website such as Google, Yahoo, or MSN to Troll the Web, the companies retain IP Addresses, Search Content, Browser, and User Locations. People often can hear or look about stars Nude Picture Scandal case. Hong Kong singer and actor Edison Chen happened nude photo scandal on February 21, 2008. (Source China Daily February21, 2008)) As a result, we can observe that Information Technology also has lack of secure guardianship. Lack of Job Security Some experts consider that Information Technology (IT) has made job security this problem, which are keeping updating each day. Generally speaking, many IT people are lack of job securities. In the economy downturn period, there are many IT films that face pressure of finance. Therefore, IT workers have more ideas. Some people think that they hard work each day, but the boss does not pay attention to their efforts. Other people feel that they can not only promote, but they also get fewer salaries. However, some people change new jobs, but they cannot adapt new environments because of subject problem. Moreover, some companies will have mergers, buyouts, downsizings, business closings, and bankrupts. In addition to IT is a bubble economy that has more competitive wars. Finally, IT workers minds become other ideas. Dominant Culture Information Technology (IT) may bring many benefits to human, which are changing communication methods, improving work rate, increasing new opportunity of job, and saving time. However, some people may not suppose that Information Technology (IT) will corrode dominant culture. This means that Information Technologies (IT) have made the world a global village. Humans communication is changed by IT. We can distinguish that many young teenagers all over the world now act, dress and behave. Famous brands involve Lee, KFC, Pizza Hut, and Hollywood Movies. In contrast, languages also have become overshadowed English the first communication skill. There are 20 hundred million people speaking English in the world. Yet, other unusual languages will be disappeared by the English. For the above reasons explain that Information Technology (IT) not only bring a lot of delightful surprises, but it also changes mankinds living. Effective Communication Using IT The human race has entered a completely new stage in its history. With the increasingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization, more problems are brought to our attention. How can improve to use Information Technology in communication? Effective Search Engine Along with the development of the society more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is how to effectively improve development of Information Technology (IT) that becomes a big issue. When data or information grows that many companies are using effective search engine that find variety of information of businesses. Some computer engineers create that engines can be developed for particular organization as well as available tools can be used. For instance, Google is the biggest search engine company in the world. It has collected 20 hundred million information Websites. No mater you are staying anywhere or anytime, you can Google to find information. In contrast, Google also continuously develop new Web Search technology into other search services such as Image Search, Google News, Google Product Search, Google Groups, and Google Maps. For the above example, we can get a result that effective search engine of creation may improve to use Information Technology Software Updates Many experts think that software skills have the largest space of development. Examples involve Operating Systems, Database Management Systems, Network Operating Systems, Data Communication Software, and Compilers. For example, Microsoft still develops new operating systems that include Windows95, Windows98, Windows2000, Windows XP, and Windows Vista. On the other hand, Apple is not only manufacturing computers company, it also has new personalized operating systems. Examples include iTunes 9, Safari 4, QuickTime 7, and iWork09 (Top Apple Downloads (2009). In addition, there are almost call phones that have 3G, GPS, and variety of software. For all the events, we can see that those companies have a common new goal. They prefer to develop quicker software skill because of the biggest commercial opportunity. Thus, development of software skill have belonged how to advance Information Technology. Improvement of IT Personnels Ability During the financial downturn, the numbers of IT companies also are attention how to improve information technology personnels workability. Because they can change companys survive or perish. In China, Information Technology (IT) is becoming chief trend; there are a lot of colleges students in which learn Information Technology programs. They realize that China is developing the third economic country in the world. When those students graduate, they will have strong professional knowledge that employs all kinds of Information Technology jobs. On the other words, there are many well-know Information Technology (IT) companies in China such as Sina, Netease, BaiDu, Alibaba, and Eachnet. They build up special HR department that train their IT employees. This method can help to establish a good team, which complete companys task. Moreover, they have one main goal that utilizes the best method in which quickly expand and effectively operate Information Technology (IT) at during short time. E-Commerce Nowadays, we are entering a brand new era full of opportunities and innovations, and great changes have take place in peoples attitude towards some traditional practices. Information Technology (IT) change a lot of peoples living communication methods. In 1960s, banks began to use computer and magnetic ink recognition to automate check processing. In the 1970s and 1980s, business extended their computer based electronic data interchange (Baldauf Ralph Stair). Nowadays, E-Commerce is becoming the type of electronic trading, which is using online transaction of business, featuring linked computer systems of the vendor, host and buyer. Examples include Taobao, Travelocity, Hotels, Amazon, Llbean and CompUSA. These websites also offer the best service to their customer, and they always keep updating their information systems and service skills. IT Products In fact, more and more Information Technology (IT) products are entering into humans living. Examples involve Digital Camera, Business Hand Phone, Mp3, Mp4, and Electronic Dictionary etc. we can see that a lot of companies continuously produce new products, which are satisfying customers requirement. Some companies develop new environmental IT products. This means that use recycling materials and improve product energy efficiency. Besides, IT product proves that peoples living always develop each day. People use IT product records many wonderful events such as birthday party, students meeting, and wedding ceremony. It cannot be denied that there still exist some advantages of Information Technology products. From what has been discussed above, we may draw the effect that Information Technology product can be effective used by people. Electronic Library Electronic Library is devoted to the functions and implications of new technology, digitization, the Internet, user interfaces, automation, and networks in the libraries. Electronic Library has to offer and save function of information that consist of newspaper, books, scientific dissertation, meeting paper, implant case, and work statement. All the above materials will become digital Information Technology. Besides, Electronic Library has a special navigation that help user to find information. Finally, Electronic Library also improves information service, the number of user can easily check, read, and download the best information. All the above suggestions that we can come to the simple conclusion that more and more people are paying attention to how to develop Electronic Library. Digitization Digitization encompasses digital technology of all kinds that serve and support Digital Music, Video, and Graphics. Digitization consists of perception, presentation, display, storage, and transmission. The electronic conversion is accomplished through imaging a process whereby a document is scanned and an electronic representation of the original. With the development of the internet, people begin to use digital media to communicate for each other. In China, there are a lot of businesses of opportunities because digital media is a beginner. More and more films are trying to research and develop digital media in their business. Examples include IPTV, Mobile Telephone (2.5G/3G), and GPS. Besides, Digital Media also affect young persons ideas such as modish dress, songs, and movies. Based on the above discussion and analysis, we can see that Digital Media is becoming a major trend. FaceBook As one of the most important inventions at the twenty-first century, Facebook has a wide application in all aspects of our lives. It plays such an important role that it undeniably becomes the biggest concern of the world. Facebook is a social networking website that develops humans communication. Some people think that Facebook can construct new communication channels. Users can add friends and send them messages, and update their personal information. Beside, user can join networks organized by workplace, school, and region. Users can use hotmail to find their friends, which are extending their societal opportunities, and they can show their photo, video, daily, and game with their families and friends. User can also set their profiles on public. This allows close friends to send messages and add the user as a friend. Microsoft is Facebooks partner for serving banner advertising; as such Facebook only serves advertisements that exist in Microsofts advertisement inventory. Finally, Facebook has different language systems, which bring a lot of conveniences to human. Conclusion Information Technology (IT) has successful changed humans life styles and it able to create new IT skills though numerous imaginations. IT has proved that it can provide brilliant services to peoples appetence. As a result, those efforts pay off and Information Technology has achieved this difficult mission. Besides, Information Technology (IT) always summarizes its disadvantages and continuously updates date system that does not wash out peoples view line. With the great success, Information Technology (IT) is finding new goal, which is combining with communication. Thus, more and more Information Technology products are coming into families. People also adieux strange living and increase person relationship. However, during the economy downturn in 2008/2009, the number of people are facing unemployed crisis, they lessen a lot of consumption ways. Information also affect so that each IT company may decrease funs to develop new Information Technology skills. In contrast, Information Technology (IT) has shown that there all advantages service to humans communication and it has much potential for development in our daily life. These factors are Effective Search Engine, Software Updates, and Improvement of IT Personnels Ability, E-Commerce, IT Products, Bluetooth, Digitization, and Networking. Each of them has their potentials in giving services to mankind. Reference Reference to Web pages Laura Schneider. Information Technology Definition and History. About.com. Retrieved September16, 2009 From http://jobsearchtech.about.com/od/careersintechnology/p/ITDefinition.htm Introductions to Interpersonal Communications. Mastering Human Relations 3rd Edition, A Fallkowski, (2002). Retrieved September16, 2009 From http://webhome.idirect.com/~kehamilt/ipsyles1.html REDMOD, Wash, Dec 1, (2004).MSN Introduces New Communication Service That Enables Blogging, Picture Sharing and More. Microsoft PressPass. Retrieved September18 2009 From http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2004/dec04/12-01msnwave10pr.mspx Information Technology and globalization. By CSIS. On February15, 2006. Global envision. Retrieved September19 2009 From http://www.globalenvision.org/library/7/970 Top Apple Downloads (2009). All Downloads. Apple Downloads. Retrieved September19 2009 From http://www.apple.com/downloads/ Source China Daily/Agencies (February21, 2008). Edison Chen to quit after nude photo scandal. Peoples Daily Online. Retrieved September20 2009 From http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90782/90875/6358399.html Reference to Text Books and Magazine Succeeding with Technology, 3th Edition by Ken Baldauf Ralph Stair. Retrieved September22 2009 Roberta Linsky. Computers IN Your Future, SECOND EDITION Copyright 1997 by Que Education and Training. Retrieved September18 2009 Personal Money (June 2009). Info at your fingertips with MAAKL Home Office. Tan Su-Yin.Retrieved September18 2009 Macworld (May 2009). Road Tripper, By Ted Wallingford. Retrieved September19 2009. Human Relations, Principles and practices 6th ed. (2006). B.L Brandt, R. Retrieved September20 2009